Skip to the content.
Intro Anatomy of a Class Constructors Accessor Methods Mutator Methods Static Variables

Unit 5 Anatomy of a Class(Period 1)

Anatomy of a Class

This notebook will explain the structure of a class in Java, including attributes, methods, and instantiation. It will also include examples and a mini-project that requires fixing broken code.

1. Introduction to Classes

  • A class in Java is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines a data structure that includes methods and attributes.
  • Example:
public class Car {
    // Attributes
    String model;
    int year;

    // Method
    void drive() {
        System.out.println("Driving the car.");
    }
}

This Car class has attributes model and year, and a method drive() that prints a message.

2. Attributes and Methods

  • Attributes (or fields) are variables that belong to an object.
  • Methods are functions that belong to a class.
  • Example:

public class Person {
    // Attributes
    String name;
    int age;

    // Method
    void greet() {
        System.out.println("Hello, my name is " + name);
    }
}

In this Person class, name and age are attributes, and greet() is a method.

3. Constructor

  • Constructors are special methods used to initialize objects.
  • They have the same name as the class and do not have a return type.
  • Example:
public class Person {
    String name;
    int age;

    // Constructor
    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    void greet() {
        System.out.println("Hello, my name is " + name);
    }
}

This Person class includes a constructor to initialize name and age.

4. Class vs. Instance Variables

  • Instance variables are attributes specific to each object.
  • Class variables (static variables) are shared among all instances of the class.
  • Example:
public class Car {
    // Class variable
    static int numberOfCars = 0;

    // Instance variables
    String model;
    int year;

    // Constructor
    public Car(String model, int year) {
        this.model = model;
        this.year = year;
        numberOfCars++;
    }
}

Here, numberOfCars is a class variable that keeps track of how many Car objects have been created.

5. Mini Project: Fix the Code

  • Below is a class with broken code. The goal is to fix the class so it properly initializes and uses instance variables.
  • Broken code:

  • Task: Debug the Book class so it correctly initializes title and author. Consider how the constructor should be modified.
public class Book {
    String title;
    String author;

    // Broken constructor
    public Book(String title, String author) {
        this.title = title;
        this.author = author;
    }
}

  • Task: Debug the Book class so it correctly initializes title and author. Consider how the constructor should be modified.